Pronunciation: (pru-tek'tur-it), — n. the relation of a strong state toward a weaker state or territory that it protects and partly controls. The process of placing the governance of Scotland on a more long term constitutional footing began shortly after the defeat of the Scottish Royalists and Charles II at the Battle of Worcester. However it proved just as difficult for the Grandees to control and was in addition a subject of popular ridicule, so on 8 December 1653 MPs who supported Cromwell engineered its end by passing a dissolution motion at a time of day when the house usually had few members in attendance. He was descended on his father’s side from Thomas Cromwell, a minister of King Henry VIII. [2][3] The Lord Protector became aware of the contribution the Jewish community made to the economic success of Holland, now England's leading commercial rival. ), Sintang Sultanate (1822), Sukadana Sultanate (? But, most notably, the office of Lord Protector was still not to become hereditary, though Cromwell was now able to nominate his own successor. ), Langkat Sultanate (26 October 1869), Deli Sultanate (22 August 1862), Asahan Sultanate (27 September 1865), Siak Sultanate (1 February 1858) and Indragiri Sultanate (1838?) This involved secret preparations for an attack on the Spanish colonies in the Caribbean. Protectorate history takes us back to the time of its emergence and describes its foundation. Protectorate, in English history, name given to the English government from 1653 to 1659. A protectorate is often confused with a colony, probably because both protectorates and colonies are territories of a larger, more powerful state. The Bechuanaland Protectorate (/ ˌ b ɛ tʃ u ˈ ɑː n ə l æ n d /) was a protectorate established on 31 March 1885, by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in Southern Africa. protectorate: Meaning and Definition of. See more. In the Middle Ages, Andorra was a protectorate of France and Spain. Alice L. Conklin. The Protectorate began in 1653 when, following the dissolution of the Rump Parliament and then Barebone’s Parliament, Oliver Cromwell was appointed Lord Protector of the Commonwealth under the terms of the Instrument of Government. It was sold back to France in 1662. ), Sanggau Sultanate (? Civitates foederatae were cities that were subordinate to Rome for their foreign relations. Define Protectorate. The Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth, which established England, together with "all the Dominions and Territoryes thereunto belonging", as a republic, had been passed on 19 May 1649, following the trial and execution of Charles I in January of that year. Modern protectorate concepts were devised in the nineteenth century. The First Protectorate Parliament met on 3 September 1654, and after some initial gestures approving appointments previously made by Cromwell, began to work on a moderate programme of constitutional reform. In the high culture important innovations included the development of a mass market for music, increased scientific research, and an expansion of publishing. However, the heyday of the Protectorate era fell on the XVIII-XIX centuries, when Europe began to colonize countries in Africa and Asia. Protectorate definition: A protectorate is a country that is controlled and protected by a more powerful country. Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. ), Sekadau Sultanate (? protectorate: Meaning and Definition of. In this Following the English civil war English civil war, 1642–48, the conflict between King Charles I of England and a large body of his subjects, generally called the "parliamentarians," that culminated in the defeat and execution of the king and the establishment of a republican commonwealth. This marked the end of the Protectorate and the start of a second period of rule by the Rump Parliament as the legislature and the Council of State as the executive. Information and translations of Protectorate in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. ), Kota Waringin Sultanate (? a region or political unit that is controlled by another, or the government by which it is ruled. and Bima Sultanate (8 December 1669) in, Pontianak Sultanate (16 August 1819), Sambas Sultanate (1819), Kubu Sultanate (4 June 1823), Landak Sultanate (? This faction is most probably comprised of India and Pakistan, as well as Bangladesh. [10], Protectorates form one of the oldest features of international relations, dating back to the Roman Empire. Civitates foederatae were cities that were subordinate to Rome for their foreign relations. At 21, he married Elizabeth Bourchier, daughter of a wealthy mer… A relationship of protection and partial control assumed by a superior power over a dependent country or region. Prior to the Protectorate, England (and subsequently Scotland and Ireland) had been ruled directly by Parliament since it had declared England to be a Commonwealth in 1649. Aspects of French Policy in the Pacific, 1853–1906. A country defends its protectorate, but it doesn't own it, and it doesn't meddle with the protectorate's internal affairs. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples ‘Her protectorate over the Danubian Principalities was replaced by the guarantee of the seven signatory powers, and she lost about a third of Bessarabia.’ ‘Although discovered by the Dutch and the British in the 17th and 18th centuries, it was the French who declared a protectorate over the islands in 1842.’ Compare Other Governments » More. Define protectorate. protectorate: 1 n a state or territory partly controlled by (but not a possession of) a stronger state but autonomous in internal affairs; protectorates are established by treaty Synonyms: associated state Type of: district , dominion , territorial dominion , territory a region marked off … [6], After Oliver's death in September 1658, his third son Richard Cromwell succeeded as Lord Protector. Learn more. According to the definition proposed by Dumienski (2014): "microstates are modern protected states, i.e. Amical protection was frequently extended by the great powers to other Christian (generally European) states and to smaller states that had no significant importance. When Monck reached London he allowed Presbyterian members, removed by Pride's Purge, to reenter Parliament on 21 February 1660. Some agencies of the United States government, such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency, still use the term protectorate to refer to insular areas of the United States such as Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It was then that the title of Lord Protector was introduced in this country. Typology Foreign relations. protectorate synonyms, protectorate pronunciation, protectorate translation, English dictionary definition of protectorate. The authority assumed by a superior power over an inferior or a dependent one, whereby the former protects the latter from invasion and shares in the management of its affairs but the protected state retains its nominal sovereignty. The impression of strength and durability of the Protectorate when Richard succeeded proved deceptive; a lack of unity would destroy the Protectorate. In amical protection as of United States of the Ionian Islands by Britain, the terms are often very favourable for the protectorate. Unorganized Territory vs Anarchy. sovereign states that have been able to unilaterally depute certain attributes of sovereignty to larger powers in exchange for benign protection of their political and economic viability against their geographic or demographic constraints". [1], During this period Oliver Cromwell also faced challenges in foreign policy. a state or territory so protected. Protectorates synonyms, Protectorates pronunciation, Protectorates translation, English dictionary definition of Protectorates. Formal ruling structures, or fictive recreations of them, were largely retained as the lowest level authority figure in the French Cercles, with leaders appointed and removed by French officials.[32]. A protectorate is a state or country that's protected by a larger, stronger one. A protected state has a form of protection where it continues to retain an "international personality" and enjoys an agreed amount of independence in conducting its foreign policy. Modern protectorate concepts were devised in the nineteenth century. List of Sponsors The Kavithan Protectorate is a civilization in the world of Beyond Earth. In 1657, Oliver Cromwell was offered the crown by Parliament as part of a revised constitutional settlement, presenting him with a dilemma, since he had been instrumental in abolishing the monarchy. The Protectorate was established on 16 December 1653 when Oliver Cromwell became head of state as lord protector. On 7 May a Committee of Safety was formed on the authority of the Rump Parliament, displacing the Protector's Council of State, and was in turn replaced by a new Council of State on 19 May 1659. In 1659, the Protectorate Parliament was dissolved by the Committee of Safety as Richard Cromwell, who had succeeded his father as Lord Protector, was unable to keep control of the Parliament and the Army. Other protectorates of the United States include the unincorporated territories American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands, all of which are uninhabited. DICTIONARY.COM However, Cromwell's power was also buttressed by his continuing popularity among the army, which he had built up during the civil wars, and which he subsequently prudently guarded. This aspect of history is referred to as the Scramble for Africa. In the Middle Ages, Andorra was a protectorate of France and Spain. ), Mempawah Sultanate (? [a], International administration of a state can also be regarded as an internationalized form of protection, where the protector is an international organisation rather than a state.[16]. 1 (Feb., 1958), pp. ət /. Definition of Protectorate in the Definitions.net dictionary. See Article History. the office or position, or the term of office, of a protector. These features describe this government form from all aspects! Their activities between November 1655 and September 1656 had, however, reopened the wounds of the 1640s and deepened antipathies to the regime. Rather than opposing Parliament's bill, Cromwell dissolved them on 22 January 1655. In history, the term protectorate has two different meanings. Find definitions for: pro•tec•tor•ate. Those who refused to recognise the motion were forcibly ejected by soldiers. The opening video presents a young woman, who takes leave of a man, who is probably her father. Another word for protectorate. Cromwell agonised for six weeks over the offer. Following the English civil war and the execution of Charles I, England was declared (1649) a commonwealth under the rule of the Rump Parliament. Definition, Rechtschreibung, Synonyme und Grammatik von 'Protektorat' auf Duden online nachschlagen. After a royalist uprising led by Sir John Penruddock, Cromwell (influenced by Lambert) divided England into military districts ruled by Army Major-Generals who answered only to him. n. 1. a. See the classic account on this in Robert Delavignette. Similarly, the protectorate rarely takes military action on its own but relies on the protector for its defence. Modern protectorate concepts were devised in the nineteenth century.[11]. In more formal terms, we can define a protectorate as a territory or nation controlled by another, more powerful state. Mamluk policies toward Cyprus between 1426 and 1517", "Reflections on State Responsibility for Violations of Explicit Protectorate, Mandate, and Trusteeship Obligations", "Democracy in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Post-1995 political system and its functioning", "Professor Giglio, Antonelli and Article XVII of the Treaty of Wichale", "The Colonization of British East Africa", Willigen, Peacebuilding and International Administration (2013), "Establishing expansion as a legal right: an analysis of French colonial discourse surrounding protectorate treaties", Meijknecht, Towards International Personality (2001), "Use of GIS in analyzing archaeological sites: the case study of Mycenaean Cephalonia, Greece", "Microstates as Modern Protected States: Towards a New Definition of Micro-Statehood", "Oman and the West: State Formation in Oman since 1920", "Russian patronage over Abkhazia and South Ossetia: implications for conflict resolution", "Putin's 'Passportization' Move Aimed At Keeping the Donbass Conflict on Moscow's Terms", "Russia's role in the war in Donbass, and the threat to European security", "Renewal of Negotiations on Resolving the Transnistria Conflict", "The World: Two Decades of Decline; When Liberians Looked to America in Vain", "A case of double conciousness americo-liberians and indigenous liberian relations 1840-1930 liberian relations 1840-1930", "U.S. De Facto Protectorate of Cuba, 1898-1934", "The U.S. Protectorate in Panama: An Analysis of Recent U.S.-Panamanian Relations", "Notice of Finding of Failure To Submit State Plans for the Municipal Solid Waste Landfills Emission Guidelines", "From the Archive 1999: Timor the defiant", "The Raj Reconsidered: British India's Informal Empire and Spheres of Influence in Asia and Africa", List of administrative divisions by country, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protectorate&oldid=1007843895, Articles needing additional references from October 2020, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2011, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from August 2019, Wikipedia articles with faulty LNB identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Eastern Protectorate States (mostly in Haudhramaut); later the, Trumon Sultanate (1770? Ultimately, however, Cromwell's failure to support his men, sacrificing them to his opponents, caused their demise. (dependent territory) protectorado nm nombre masculino: Sustantivo de género exclusivamente masculino, que lleva los artículos el o un en singular, y los o unos en plural. The Protectorate refers to the government of England from 1653 to 1659. The Truth About Western Togoland And The Volta Region . Thesovereign state and the protectorate sign a bilateral agreement in which thetwo nations or states agree that the sovereign state will protect theprotectorate while the protectorate agrees to certain obligations which mayvary depending on the nature of the relationship. b. A protectorate formally enters into the protection through a bilateral agreement with the protector, while international mandates are stewarded by the world community-representing body, with or without a de facto administering power. Pronunciation: (pru-tek'tur-it ), — n. the relation of a strong state toward a weaker state or territory that it protects and partly controls. In 1659, the Protectorate Parliament … [13][14] For example, the ruling nation controls the foreign policy of the protectorate, while your parents control how late you can stay out on a Friday night. means a State or territory that is declared by Her Majesty by Order in Council to be a protectorate for the purposes of the British Nationality Act 1948 (UK); world history. But, after Oliver Cromwell had dissolved the Rump and Barebones parliaments in succession in 1653, he was installed on Dec. 16, Meaning of Protectorate. Typology Foreign relations. In practice, a protectorate often has direct foreign relations only with and transfers the management of all its more important international affairs to the protector. n. 1. a. [12][3][1][2] Similarly, the protectorate rarely takes military action on its own but relies on the protector for its defence. Cromwell himself, however, was at pains to minimise his role, describing himself as a constable or watchman. It made Cromwell Lord Protector for life to undertake "the chief magistracy and the administration of government". [7], Richard sought to expand the basis for the Protectorate beyond the army to civilians. ), Muna Sultanate (?) [1][2] Under certain conditions as of Egypt under British rule (1882–1914) e.g., a state can also be labelled as a de facto protectorate or a "veiled protectorate". [11], For an autonomous territory that is protected diplomatically or militarily against third parties by a stronger state or entity, see, Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth, Knights, baronets and peers of the Protectorate, United Kingdom: Flags of the Interregnum, 1649–1660, Social history of the United Kingdom (1945–present), Political history of the United Kingdom (1945–present), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Protectorate&oldid=1007191172, States and territories established in 1653, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from May 2007, All articles needing additional references, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 16 February 2021, at 22:23. A similar case is the formal use of such terms as colony and protectorate for an amalgamation, convenient only for the colonizer or protector, of adjacent territories, over which it held (de facto) sway by protective or "raw" colonial logic. Find more ways to say protectorate, along with related words, antonyms and example phrases at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. Conditions regarding protection are generally much less generous for areas of colonial protection. (cap. protectorate (plural protectorates) Government by a protector ; especially, the government of England, Scotland, and Ireland by Oliver Cromwell. On 20 April 1653, after learning that Parliament was attempting to stay in session despite an agreement to dissolve, and having failed to come up with a working constitution, Cromwell, with the backing of the Grandees in the Army Council, marched soldiers into the debating chamber and forcibly ended the Rump's session. It became the Republic of Botswana on 30 September 1966. However, Cromwell "had never gained the willing consent of the nation" and the Protectorate relied on armed force. Jogjakarta Sultanate (13 February 1755), Mataram Empire and Surakarta Sunanate (26 February 1677), Duchy of Mangkunegara (24 February 1757) and Duchy of Paku Alaman (22 June 1812) in Java. Colonial protectors frequently decided to reshuffle several protectorates into a new, artificial unit without consulting the protectorates, a logic disrespectful of the theoretical duty of a protector to help maintain its protectorates' status and integrity. ), Soppeng Sultanate (? Territory that is protected diplomatically or militarily by a stronger state, For the 17th Century British Protectorate, see, British protectorates and protected states, "A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present, by Michael J. Seth", p112. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more. "Richard was never formally deposed or arrested, but allowed to fade away. in, Gowa Sultanate (1669), Bone Sultanate (? Definition of protectorate noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. The first was “healing and settling” the nation after the chaos of the civil wars and the regicide. After Richard Cromwell was removed from power by the Grandees of the New Army, the Rump Parliament was instated and soon after was replaced by the Committee of Safety and Council of State under the authority of Charles Fleetwood. There are many similarities between a protectorate and living as a teenager in your parents’ house. Since 1649 and prior to the Protectorate, England, Ireland and later Scotland had been governed as a republic by the Council of State and the Rump Parliament. b. Many territories which became British protectorates already had local rulers with whom the Crown negotiated through treaty, acknowledging their status whilst simultaneously offering protection. The Taganit confederation's emirate (founded by Idaw `Ish dynasty), since 1905 under French protectorate. Bechuanaland Protectorate. Definition of a Protectorate. Scotland was invaded, subjugated and placed under an English military governor first appointed in 1651. Commissioners for securing the peace of the commonwealth were appointed to work with them in every county. and Bulungan Sultanate (?) The Protectorate began in 1653 when, following the dissolution of the Rump Parliament and then Barebone's Parliament, Oliver Cromwell was appointed Lord Protector of the Commonwealth under the terms of the Instrument of Government. A protectorate is a state that is controlled and protected by another sovereign state. Comparing Protectorate vs Parliamentary Republic History History of any government gives a deep understanding about its origin, development and background. [3] Usually protectorates are established de jure by a treaty. This is distinct from annexation in that the protector has no formal power to control the internal affairs of the protectorate. See more. On 8 May 1660, the Convention Parliament declared Charles II the lawful successor of Charles I and king. Protectorate definition is - government by a protector. a region or political unit that is controlled by another, or the government by which it is ruled. world history. The collapse of the radical consensus which had spawned the Nominated Assembly led to the Grandees passing the Instrument of Government in the Council of State which paved the way for the Protectorate. In history, the term protectorate has two different meanings. Protectorates differ from League of Nations mandates and their successors, United Nations Trust Territories, whose administration is supervised, in varying degrees, by the international community. Protectorate. Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion. When Protectorate was first established, its ideology was completely different than what it is now. Protectorate. The Protectorate was treated as having been from the first a mere usurpation".[10]. Following the Battle of the Dunes (1658), the town of Dunkirk was awarded by France to the Protectorate. Unorganized Territory vs Bureaucracy. Avec cet article, nous pensons interroger la colonisation et le système protectoral sur le sort réservé à la première constitution du monde arabo-musulman mise en place en 1861, et la réception de ce passé au sein la société française. Protectorate is another word for “protected state.” Protectorates are weak territories protected and partly controlled by stronger ones. Protectorate, the English government from 1653 to 1659. the office or position, or the term of office, of a protector. The south was known as the Colony, and after running battles with the Asante Kingdom, winning some and losing some, the British suppressed an Asante uprising in 1900, and made Ashanti its protectorate on January 1, 1902. Monck instead marched south. The Protectorate began in 1653 when, following the dissolution of the Rump Parliament and then Barebone's Parliament, Oliver Cromwell was appointed Lord Protector of the Commonwealth under the terms of the Instrument of Government. The Puritans were members of a religious reform movement that arose in the late 16th century and held that the Church of England should eliminate ceremonies and practices not rooted in the Bible. protectorate definition: 1. a country that is generally controlled and defended by a more powerful country 2. a country that…. The more recent statndard studies on French expansion include: C. W. Newbury. They are led by the popular and charismatic Kavitha Thakur. In its earliest inception, which has been adopted by modern international law, it is an autonomous territory that is protected diplomatically or militarily against third parties by a stronger state or entity. ), Matan Sultanate (? After the dissolution of Barebone's Parliament, John Lambert put forward a new constitution known as the Instrument of Government, closely modelled on the Heads of Proposals. Protector definition, a person or thing that protects; defender; guardian. Coat of arms. 45–56, Learn how and when to remove this template message, National Territory of the Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica and South Atlantic Islands, Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire, United States Environmental Protection Agency, United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor, European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, "Was Cyprus a Mamluk protectorate? [ambiguous] After 1815, non-Christian states (such as the Chinese Qing dynasty) also provided amical protection towards other much weaker states. Palgrave MacMillan (1996) ISBN 0312160003. The event in part echoed a coronation, utilizing many of its symbols and regalia, such as a purple ermine-lined robe, a sword of justice, a sceptre and an ermine-lined coronet (but not a crown or an orb). Cases involving indirect rule included: Before and during World War II, Nazi Germany designated the rump of occupied Czechoslovakia and Denmark as protectorates: Some sources mention following states as de facto Russian protectorates:[35][36][37][38]. Cromwell's new rights and powers were laid out in the Humble Petition and Advice, a legislative instrument which replaced the Instrument of Government. [17][18] The political interest of the protector is frequently moral (a matter of accepted moral obligation, prestige, ideology, internal popularity, or dynastic, historical, or ethnocultural ties). What does Protectorate mean? Cromwell was born in 1599 in Huntingdon, near Cambridge, in England. protectorate - Translation to Spanish, pronunciation, and forum discussions. Anthem: God Save the Queen. A form of international guardianship that arises under International Law when a weaker state surrenders by treaty the management of some or all of its international affairs to a stronger state.. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. He summoned a Parliament in 1659, but the republicans engaged in "endless obstruction and filibustering" and attacked the 'quasi-monarchal' aspects of the Protectorate, and they "condemned Oliver's rule as a period of tyranny and economic depression". The Cromwells had been a wealthy family for generations, and were part of the landed gentry in the region. The German Empire used the word Schutzgebiet, literally protectorate, for all of its colonial possessions until they were lost during World War I, regardless of the actual level of government control. Civitates foederatae were cities that were subordinate to Rome for their foreign relations. https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/01/what-is-a-protectorate The protected country or... Protectorate - definition of protectorate by The Free Dictionary. a region or political unit that is controlled by another, or the government by which it is ruled. [5][a], Instead, Cromwell was ceremonially re-installed as Lord Protector (with greater powers than had previously been granted him under this title) at Westminster Hall, sitting upon King Edward's Chair which was specially moved from Westminster Abbey for the occasion. Principal Translations: Inglés: Español: protectorate n noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. The First Anglo-Dutch War which had broken out in 1652, against the Dutch Republic, was eventually won by Admiral Robert Blake in 1654. Find definitions for: pro•tec•tor•ate. The Protectorate was the period during the Commonwealth (or, to monarchists, the Interregnum) when England and Wales, Scotland, Ireland, and the English overseas possessions were governed by a Lord Protector as a republic. Occasionally, a protectorate was established by another form of indirect rule: a chartered company, which becomes a de facto state in its European home state (but geographically overseas), allowed to be an independent country with its own foreign policy and generally its own armed forces.
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